1-Butanol | 71-63-3
Idatha Yendawo Yomkhiqizo:
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | 1-Butanol |
| Izakhiwo | Uketshezi olungenambala olusobala olukhethekileiphunga |
| I-Melting Point (°C) | -89.8 |
| Indawo yokubilisa(°C) | 117.7 |
| Ukuminyana okuhlobene (Amanzi=1) | 0.81 |
| Ukuminyana komhwamuko okuhlobene (umoya=1) | 2.55 |
| Umfutho womhwamuko ogcwele (kPa) | 0.73 |
| Ukushisa komlilo (kJ/mol) | -2673.2 |
| Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile (°C) | 289.85 |
| Ingcindezi ebucayi (I-MPa) | 4.414 |
| I-Octanol/i-partition coefficient yamanzi | 0.88 |
| Iphoyinti elikhanyayo (°C) | 29 |
| Izinga lokushisa lokushisa (°C) | 355-365 |
| Umkhawulo wokuqhuma okuphezulu (%) | 11.3 |
| Umkhawulo wokuqhuma ophansi (%) | 1.4 |
| Ukuncibilika | Incibilika kancane emanzini, i-ethanol, i-ether nezinye izincibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo. |
Izici Zomkhiqizo Nozinzo:
I-1.Yakha izingxube ze-azeotropic ngamanzi, ezixubene ne-ethanol, i-ether nezinye izincibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo. Incibilika kuma-alkaloids, i-camphor, odayi, irabha, i-ethyl cellulose, usawoti we-resin acid (usawoti we-calcium ne-magnesium), uwoyela namafutha, ama-wax nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlaka zemvelo nezokwenziwa.
2.Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali kanye ne-ethanol ne-propanol, okufana nokusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali kotshwala obuyinhloko.
I-3.I-Butanol ingeyesigaba sobuthi obuphansi. Umphumela wokubulala izinzwa unamandla kunalowo we-propanol, futhi ukuthintana okuphindaphindiwe nesikhumba kungaholela ekuphumeni kwegazi kanye ne-necrosis. Ubuthi bayo kubantu bukhulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-ethanol. Umhwamuko wayo ucasula amehlo, ikhala nomphimbo. I-Concentration 75.75mg/m3 Ngisho noma abantu benomuzwa ongajabulisi, kodwa ngenxa yephuzu eliphezulu lokubilisa, ukuguquguquka okuphansi, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kokushisa okuphezulu, ingozi ayinkulu. I-Rat oral LD50 ingu-4.36g/kg. i-olfactory threshold concentration 33.33mg/m3. I-TJ 36&mash;79 ibeka ukuthi ukugxila okuphezulu okuvumelekile emoyeni weshabhu ngu-200 mg/m3.
4.Ukuzinza: Ukuzinza
I-5.Izinto ezivinjelwe: Ama-acids aqinile, i-acyl chlorides, ama-anhydrides e-asidi, ama-oxidising agents aqinile.
6.Ingozi ye-polymerisation: Ukungeyona i-polymerization
Isicelo somkhiqizo:
1.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-phthalic acid, i-aliphatic dibasic acid ne-phosphoric acid n-butyl ester plasticisers. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-solvent yamadayi we-organic kanye noyinki wokuphrinta, futhi njenge-ejenti yokukhipha i-waxing. Isetshenziswa njenge-solvent ukuhlukanisa i-potassium perchlorate ne-sodium perchlorate, futhi ingahlukanisa i-sodium chloride ne-lithium chloride. Isetshenziselwa ukugeza i-sodium zinc uranyl acetate precipitates. I-Saponification A medium for esters. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezifakwe upharafini ze-microanalysis. Isetshenziswa njenge-solvent yamafutha, ama-wax, ama-resin, izinsini, izinsini, njll. I-Nitro spray paint co-solvent, njll.
2.Ukuhlaziywa kweChromatographic kwezinto ezijwayelekile. Isetshenziselwa ukunquma umbala we-arsenic acid, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-potassium, i-sodium, i-lithium, i-chlorate solvent.
3.Kusetshenziswa njengama-reagents okuhlaziya, njengezincibilikisi, njengokuhlaziywa kwe-chromatographic yezinto ezijwayelekile. Ibuye isetshenziswe ku-organic synthesis.
I-4.I-solvent ebalulekile, ekukhiqizeni ama-urea-formaldehyde resins, ama-cellulose resins, ama-alkyd resins nama-coatings asetshenziswe ngobuningi, kodwa futhi njenge-adhesive evame ukusetshenziswa ku-diluent engasebenzi. Kuphinde kube yinto ebalulekile yamakhemikhali asetshenziswayo ekukhiqizeni i-plasticiser dibutyl phthalate, i-aliphatic dibasic acid ester, i-phosphate ester. Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti eqeda amanzi emzimbeni, i-anti-emulsifier kanye ne-extractant yamafutha, izinongo, ama-antibiotics, amahomoni, amavithamini, njll., okungeziwe kopende we-alkyd resin, kanye ne-co-solvent kapende we-nitro spray.
5.I-Cosmetic solvent. Ikakhulukazi ku-nail polish nezinye izimonyo njengesixazululi esihlangene, esine-ethyl acetate nezinye izinyibilikisi eziyinhloko, ukusiza ukuncibilikisa umbala nokulungisa izinga lokuhwamuka kwe-solvent kanye ne-viscosity. Inani elingeziwe ngokuvamile lilinganiselwa ku-10%.
6.Ingasetshenziswa njenge-defoamer yokuxuba uyinki ekuphrinteni kwesikrini.
7.Isetshenziswa ekubhakeni ukudla, uphudingi, uswidi.
I-8.Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-esters, i-plasticiser yepulasitiki, imithi, upende wesifutho, nanjenge-solvent.
Izindlela Zokugcina Umkhiqizo:
Ipakishwe ezigubhu zensimbi, 160kg noma 200kg isigubhu ngasinye, kufanele igcinwe ezindaweni ezomile nezingena umoya, izinga lokushisa libe ngaphansi kuka-35°C, futhi izindawo zokugcina impahla kufanele zingashi futhi zingaqhumi. Ingashi futhi ingaqhumi endaweni yokugcina impahla. Uma ulayisha, uthulula futhi uthutha, gwema ubudlova impact, futhi uvimbele ekushiseni kwelanga nasemvuleni. Gcina futhi uthuthe ngokwemithethonqubo yamakhemikhali avuthayo.
Amanothi Okugcina Umkhiqizo:
1.Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kanye nomthombo wokushisa.
3.Izinga lokushisa lokugcina akufanele lidlule ku-37°C.
4.Gcina isitsha sivaliwe.
5.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidizing agents, ama-acids, njll., futhi akufanele neze ixutshwe.
6.Sebenzisa izibani ezingaqhumi kanye nezindawo zokungenisa umoya.
7.Vimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini namathuluzi alula ukwenza izinhlansi.
I-8.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe imishini yokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto zokukhosela ezifanele.
