Glycerin |56-81-5
Idatha Yendawo Yomkhiqizo:
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Glycerin |
| Izakhiwo | Uketshezi lwe-viscous olungenambala, olungenaphunga olumnandi |
| Iphoyinti Lokuncibilika(°C) | 290 (101.3KPa);182(266KPa) |
| Indawo yokubilisa(°C) | 20 |
| Ukuminyana okuhlobene (20°C) | 1.2613 |
| Ukuminyana komhwamuko okuhlobene (umoya=1) | 3.1 |
| Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile (°C) | 576.85 |
| Ingcindezi ebucayi (MPa) | 7.5 |
| Inkomba ye-Refractive (n20/D) | 1.474 |
| I-Viscosity (MPa20/D) | 6.38 |
| Indawo yomlilo (°C) | 523(PT);429(Ingilazi) |
| Iphoyinti elikhanyayo (°C) | 177 |
| Ukuncibilika | ingamunca i-hydrogen sulfide, i-hydrocyanic acid, i-sulfur dioxide.Ingaxubana namanzi, i-ethanol, ingxenye engu-1 yomkhiqizo ingancibilika ezingxenyeni ezingu-11 ze-ethyl acetate, izingxenye ezingaba ngu-500 ze-ether, ezingancibiliki ku-benzene, carbon disulfide, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, chloroform, uwoyela.Ukuphelelwa amanzi kalula, ukulahlekelwa amanzi kwenza i-bis-glycerol ne-polyglycerol, njll. I-oxidation ukukhiqiza i-glycerol aldehyde ne-glycerol acid.Iqinisa ku-0°C, yenze amakristalu e-rhombohedral anokubengezela.I-Polymerization yenziwa ekushiseni okungaba ngu-150°C.Ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ne-anhydride acetic anhydride, i-potassium permanganate, ama-acids aqinile, izinto ezibolayo, ama-amine anamafutha, ama-isocyanates, ama-oxidising agents. |
Incazelo Yomkhiqizo:
I-Glycerin, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-glycerol ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke, ayinambala, ayinaphunga, imnandi-iphungauketshezi lwe-organic olubonakala njengoketshezi lwe-viscous olusobala.Ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi glycerol.I-Glycerol, ingakwazi ukumunca umswakama emoyeni, kodwa futhi imunce i-hydrogen sulfide, i-hydrogen cyanide ne-sulphur dioxide.
Izakhiwo Zomkhiqizo Nozinzo:
1.Okungenambala, okusobala, okunganuki, uketshezi olubonakalayo olunokunambitheka okumnandi kanye ne-hygroscopicity.Kuhlanganiswe namanzi notshwala, ama-amine, ama-phenol kunoma iyiphi ingxenye, isixazululo esinamanzi asithathi hlangothi.Incibilika ngo-11 izikhathi ethyl acetate, cishe izikhathi ezingama-500 ether.Ayincibiliki ku-benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ethers, oils, long chain fatty alcohols.Izinto ezivuthayo, zingabangela ukuvutha nokuqhuma lapho zihlangana nama-oxidising agents afana ne-chromium dioxide ne-potassium chlorate.Iphinde ibe yincibilikisi ekahle kusawoti kanye namagesi ezinto ezingaphili.I-non-corrosion to metals, ingafakwa i-oxidised ku-acrolein uma isetshenziswa njenge-solvent.
2.Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali: ukusabela kwe-esterification nge-asidi, njenge-benzene dicarboxylic acid esterification ukuze kukhiqizwe i-alkyd resin.Ukusabela kwe-Transesterification nge-ester.Isabela nge-hydrogen chloride yakhe uphuzo oludakayo oluyi-chlorine.I-Glycerol dehydration inezindlela ezimbili: ukuchithwa kwe-intermolecular ukuze uthole i-diglycerol ne-polyglycerol;ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kwe-intramolecular ukuze uthole i-acrolein.I-glycerol isabela nezisekelo ukuze yakhe izidakwa.Ukusabela nge-aldehydes nama-ketone kukhiqiza ama-acetal nama-ketone.I-oxidation nge-nitric acid ehlanjululwe ikhiqiza i-glyceraldehyde ne-dihydroxyacetone;I-oxidation nge-periodic acid ikhiqiza i-formic acid ne-formaldehyde.Ngama-oxidants aqinile njenge-chromic anhydride, i-potassium chlorate noma ukuthintana kwe-potassium permanganate, kungabangela ukusha noma ukuqhuma.I-Glycerol nayo ingadlala indima ye-nitrification ne-acetylation.
3.Non-toxic.Ngisho noma inani eliphelele lokuphuza kuze kufike ku-100g wesisombululo se-dilute alinangozi, emzimbeni emva kwe-hydrolysis kanye ne-oxidation futhi ibe umthombo wezakhi.Ezivivinyweni zezilwane, inomphumela ofanayo we-anesthesia njengotshwala lapho yenziwa ukuphuza inani elikhulu kakhulu.
4.Ikhona ekubhakeni ugwayi, ugwayi onezimbambo ezimhlophe, ugwayi wezinongo kanye nentuthu kagwayi.
5.Kuvela ngokwemvelo kugwayi, ubhiya, iwayini, ukhokho.
Isicelo somkhiqizo:
1. Imboni ye-resin: isetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-alkyd resin ne-epoxy resin.
2. Imboni yokumboza: isetshenziswa embonini yokuhlanganisa ukwenza ama-alkyd resins ahlukahlukene, ama-polyester resins, ama-glycidyl ethers nama-epoxy resins, njll.
3. Imboni yendwangu kanye yokunyathelisa nokudaya: isetshenziselwa ukwenza okokugcoba, okokumunca umswakama, i-ejenti yokwelapha yokushwabana kwendwangu evimbela ukushwabana, i-ejenti yokusabalalisa kanye ne-ejenti engenelayo.
Izindlela Zokugcina Umkhiqizo:
1. Gcina endaweni ehlanzekile neyomile, kufanele inake isitoreji esivaliwe.Naka umswakama-umswakama, ukuvikela amanzi, i-exothermic, ukwenqabela ngokuqinile ukuxutshwa nama-oxidants aqinile.Ingagcinwa ezitsheni ezinothayela noma zensimbi engagqwali.
2. Ipakishwe ezigubhu ze-aluminium noma izigubhu zensimbi noma ezigcinwe emathangeni ahlanganiswe ne-phenolic resin.Kufanele ivikelwe emazingeni omswakama, ekushiseni nasemanzini ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthutha.Akuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa i-glycerol kanye nama-oxidizing agents aqinile (isb. i-nitric acid, i-potassium permanganate, njll.).Kufanele igcinwe futhi ihanjiswe ngokuvumelana nemithetho evamile yamakhemikhali avuthayo.
Amanothi Okugcina Umkhiqizo:
1.Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kanye nomthombo wokushisa.
3.Gcina isitsha sivaliwe.
I-4.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidising agents, ama-ejenti anciphisayo, ama-alkali namakhemikhali adliwayo, ungahlanganisi isitoreji.
5.Ifakwe izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele kanye nenani lemishini yokucisha umlilo.
I-6.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto zokukhosela ezifanele.
