Isopropanol | 67-63-0
Idatha Yendawo Yomkhiqizo:
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | Isopropanol |
| Izakhiwo | Uketshezi olungenambala olusobala, olunephunga elifana nengxube ye-ethanol ne-acetone |
| Iphoyinti Lokuncibilika(°C) | -88.5 |
| Indawo yokubilisa(°C) | 82.5 |
| Ukuminyana okuhlobene (Amanzi=1) | 0.79 |
| Ukuminyana komhwamuko okuhlobene (umoya=1) | 2.1 |
| Umfutho womhwamuko ogcwele (kPa) | 4.40 |
| Ukushisa komlilo (kJ/mol) | -1995.5 |
| Izinga lokushisa elibalulekile (°C) | 235 |
| Ingcindezi ebucayi (MPa) | 4.76 |
| I-Octanol/i-partition coefficient yamanzi | 0.05 |
| Iphoyinti elikhanyayo (°C) | 11 |
| Izinga lokushisa lokushisa (°C) | 465 |
| Umkhawulo wokuqhuma okuphezulu (%) | 12.7 |
| Umkhawulo wokuqhuma ophansi (%) | 2.0 |
| Ukuncibilika | Incibilika kuzincibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo ezifana namanzi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-benzene, i-chloroform, njll. |
Izici Zomkhiqizo Nozinzo:
1.Iphunga elifana ne-ethanol. Ihlanganiswe namanzi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform. Iyakwazi ukuncibilikisa ama-alkaloid, irabha nezinye izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye izinto ezingaphili. Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, ingavutha futhi ishise, futhi umhwamuko wayo kulula ukwenza izingxube eziqhumayo lapho uxutshwe nomoya.
I-2.Umkhiqizo unobuthi obuphansi, opharetha kufanele agqoke izinto zokuzivikela. I-Isopropyl alcohol kulula ukukhiqiza i-peroxide, ngezinye izikhathi idinga ukuhlonzwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Indlela yile: thatha u-0.5mL isopropyl alcohol, engeza u-1mL 10% wesisombululo se-potassium iodide kanye no-0.5mL 1:5 dilute hydrochloric acid kanye namaconsi ambalwa esixazululo sesitashi, nyakazisa umzuzu owodwa, uma uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okufakazelwa ukuthi i-peroxide.
3.Ubuthi obuvuthayo nobuncane. Ubuthi be-vapor buphindwe kabili kune-ethanol, futhi ubuthi buphambene lapho buthathwa ngaphakathi. Ukugcwala okuphezulu komhwamuko kune-anesthesia esobala, ukucasuka kwamehlo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomgudu wokuphefumula, kungalimaza i-retina ne-optic nerve. I-Oral LD505.47g/kg kumagundane, ukugxila okuphezulu okuvunyelwe emoyeni 980mg/m3, opharetha kufanele bagqoke imaski yegesi. Gqoka izingubo zamehlo ezivikela igesi uma ukugxilisa ingqondo kuphezulu. Vala izinto zokusebenza namapayipi; sebenzisa umoya wendawo noma ophelele.
4.Inobuthi kancane. Imiphumela ye-physiological kanye ne-ethanol iyafana, ubuthi, i-anesthesia kanye nokugqugquzela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula kunamandla kune-ethanol, kodwa hhayi njenge-propanol. Cishe akukho ukunqwabelana emzimbeni, futhi amandla okubulala amagciwane anamandla izikhathi ezi-2 kune-ethanol. I-Olfactory threshold concentration ye-1.1mg/m3. Isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile emsebenzini ngu-1020mg/m3.
5.Ukuzinza: Ukuzinza
6.Izinto ezivinjelwe: Ama-oxidising agents aqinile, ama-acids, ama-anhydrides, ama-halogen.
7.Ingozi ye-polymerisation: Ukungeyona i-polymerization
Isicelo somkhiqizo:
1.Inohlu olubanzi lokusetshenziswa njenge-organic impahla eluhlaza kanye ne-solvent. Njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ingakhiqiza i-acetone, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-methyl isobutyl ketone, i-diisobutyl ketone, isopropylamine, isopropyl ether, isopropanol ether, isopropyl chloride, isopropyl fatty acid ester kanye ne-chlorinated fatty acid isopropyl ester. Emakhemikhalini amahle, angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, i-aluminium triisopropoxide, kanye nemithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Njenge-solvent, ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amapende, ama-inki, ama-extractants, ama-aerosol agents nokunye. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-antifreeze, i-ejenti yokuhlanza, isengezo sokuxuba uphethiloli, i-disperant yokukhiqiza i-pigment, i-ejenti yokulungisa yomkhakha wokunyathelisa nokudaya, i-ejenti yokulwa nenkungu yengilazi namapulasitiki asobala. Isetshenziswa njenge-diluent ye-adhesive, i-antifreeze ne-ejenti yokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni.
2.Ukunqunywa kwe-barium, i-calcium, ithusi, i-magnesium, i-nickel, i-potassium, i-sodium, i-strontium, i-nitrite, i-cobalt namanye ama-reagents. Izinga lokuhlaziya i-Chromatographic. Njenge-chemical material eluhlaza, ingakhiqiza i-acetone, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-methyl isobutyl ketone, i-diisobutyl ketone, isopropylamine, isopropyl ether, isopropyl ether, isopropyl chloride, isopropyl ester ye-fatty acid ne-isopropyl ester yamafutha acid ane-chlorine. Emakhemikhalini amahle, angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, i-aluminium triisopropoxide, kanye nemithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Njenge-solvent, ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amapende, ama-inki, ama-extractants, ama-aerosol nokunye. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-antifreeze, i-ejenti yokuhlanza, isengezo sokuxuba uphethiloli, i-disperant yokukhiqiza i-pigment, i-ejenti yokulungisa yomkhakha wokunyathelisa nokudaya, i-ejenti yokulwa nenkungu yengilazi namapulasitiki asobala.
3.Isetshenziswa njenge-antifoaming ejenti yoketshezi oluphuma emanzini olusekelwe kuwoyela olusekelwe emanzini, umoya ukwenza izingxube eziqhumayo, ingabangela ukusha nokuqhuma lapho kuvezwe ilangabi elivulekile nokushisa okuphezulu. Ingasabela ngokuqinile nge-oxidant. Umhwamuko wawo unzima kunomoya, futhi ungasakazekela endaweni ekude endaweni ephansi, futhi uvutha lapho uhlangana nomthombo wokuthungela. Uma ihlangabezana nokushisa okuphezulu, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesitsha iyakhula, futhi kunengozi yokuqhekeka nokuqhuma.
I-4.I-Isopropyl alcohol njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza neyokwehlisa amafutha, ibanga le-MOS lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amadivayisi ahlukene kanye namasekethe ahlanganisiwe aphakathi nendawo namakhulu, ibanga le-BV-Ⅲ lisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi inqubo yesekethe ehlanganisiwe yezinga elikhulu.
I-5.Isetshenziswa embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza kanye ne-degreasing.
I-6.Isetshenziswa njenge-diluent ye-adhesive, i-extractant yamafutha e-cottonseed, i-solvent ye-nitrocellulose, i-rubber, upende, i-shellac, i-alkaloid, i-grease nokunye. Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-antifreeze, i-ejenti eqeda amanzi emzimbeni, i-antiseptic, i-antifogging ejenti, imithi, i-pesticide, izinongo, izimonyo kanye ne-organic synthesis.
I-7.Ingabe i-solvent eshibhile embonini, ububanzi obuningi bokusetshenziswa, ingaxutshwa ngokukhululekile namanzi, ukuncibilika kwezinto ze-lipophilic kune-ethanol.
8.Kuwumkhiqizo wamakhemikhali obalulekile kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kwezemithi, izimonyo, amapulasitiki, izinongo, opende nokunye.
Izindlela Zokugcina Umkhiqizo:
Amathangi, amapayipi kanye nemishini ehlobene ne-anhydrous isopropanol ingase yenziwe nge-carbon steel, kodwa kufanele ivikelwe emhwamukeni wamanzi. I-Isopropanol equkethe amanzi kufanele ivikelwe ekugqwaleni ngokusebenzisa iziqukathi noma izinto zokusebenza ezilayini ngendlela efanele noma zensimbi engagqwali. Amaphampu okuphatha utshwala be-isopropyl okungcono kakhulu kufanele kube amaphampu amaphakathi anokulawula okuzenzakalelayo futhi afakwe amamotho angaqhumisi. Ezokuthutha kungaba ngethangi lemoto, ithange lesitimela, izigubhu ezingama-200l (53usgal) noma iziqukathi ezincane. Ingaphandle lesitsha sokuthutha kufanele limakwe ukukhombisa uketshezi oluvuthayo.
Amanothi Okugcina Umkhiqizo:
1.Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kanye nomthombo wokushisa.
3.Izinga lokushisa lokugcina akufanele lidlule ku-37°C.
4.Gcina isitsha sivaliwe.
5.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidising agents, ama-acids, ama-halogen njll., futhi akufanele neze ixutshwe.
6.Sebenzisa izibani ezingaqhumi kanye nezindawo zokungenisa umoya.
7.Vimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini namathuluzi alula ukwenza izinhlansi.
I-8.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe imishini yokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto zokukhosela ezifanele.
