I-Methyl utshwala | 67-56-1
Idatha Yendawo Yomkhiqizo:
| Igama Lomkhiqizo | I-Methyl utshwala |
| Izakhiwo | Uketshezi olusematheni olungenambala olungenambala oluvuthayo noluguquguqukayo |
| Iphoyinti Lokuncibilika(°C) | -98 |
| Indawo yokubilisa(°C) | 143.5 |
| Iphoyinti elikhanyayo (°C) | 40.6 |
| Ukuncibilika kwamanzi | ingxubevange |
| Umfutho we-vapor | 2.14(mmHg ku-25°C) |
Incazelo Yomkhiqizo:
I-Methanol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hydroxymethane, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-mono alcohol egcwele kakhulu esakhiweni. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali ithi CH3OH/CH₄O, okuthi i-CH₃OH kuyindlela emfushane yesakhiwo, engagqamisa iqembu le-hydroxyl le-methano. Ngenxa yokuthi yaqala ukutholakala ku-distillation eyomile yokhuni, yaziwa nangokuthi & ldquo; izinkuni utshwala & rdquo; noma & ldquo; umoya wokhuni & rdquo;. Umthamo ophansi kakhulu wobuthi bomlomo womuntu ucishe ube ngu-100mg/kg isisindo somzimba, ukudla ngomlomo okungu-0.3 ~ 1g/kg kungabulala. Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-formaldehyde nezibulala-zinambuzane, njll., futhi isetshenziswa njenge-extractant ye-organic matter ne-denaturant yotshwala, njll. Imikhiqizo eqediwe ivamise ukukhiqizwa ngokusabela kwe-carbon monoxide nge-hydrogen.
Izici Zomkhiqizo Nozinzo:
Uketshezi olucacile olungenambala, umhwamuko nomoya walo kungakha izingxube eziqhumayo, lapho kushiswa ukukhiqiza ilangabi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukushisa okubalulekile okungu-240.0 ° C; umfutho obucayi ongu-78.5atm, oxubene namanzi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-benzene, ama-ketones nezinye izincibilikisi eziphilayo. Umhwamuko wawo wenza ingxube eqhumayo nomoya, ongabangela ukuvutha nokuqhuma lapho uvezwe emlilweni ovulekile nokushisa okuphezulu. Ingasabela ngokuqinile nge-oxidant. Uma ihlangabezana nokushisa okuphezulu, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesitsha iyakhula, futhi kunengozi yokuqhekeka nokuqhuma. Alikho ilangabi elikhanyayo uma livutha. Ingaqongelela ugesi omile futhi ithungele umhwamuko wawo.
Isicelo somkhiqizo:
1.Enye yezinto eziyisisekelo ze-organic, ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-chloromethane, i-methylamine ne-dimethyl sulphate neminye imikhiqizo eminingi yemvelo. Kubuye kube impahla eluhlaza yezibulala-zinambuzane (izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-acaricides), imithi (i-sulfonamides, i-hapten, njll.), kanye nenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa kwe-dimethyl terephthalate, i-methyl methacrylate ne-methyl acrylate.
2.Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-methanol ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde.
3.Okunye ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-methanol ukukhiqizwa kwe-acetic acid. Ingakhiqiza i-vinyl acetate, i-acetate fiber kanye ne-acetate, njll. Isidingo sayo sihlobene eduze nesamapende, izinto zokunamathisela nezindwangu.
4.I-Methanol ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-methyl formate.
I-5.I-Methanol ingakwazi futhi ukukhiqiza i-methylamine, i-methylamine iyi-amine enamafutha abalulekile, ene-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye ne-methanol njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ingahlukaniswa ngokucubungula i-methylamine, i-dimethylamine, i-trimethylamine, ingenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali.
I-6.Ingahlanganiswa ibe yi-dimethyl carbonate, okuwumkhiqizo ohambisana nemvelo futhi osetshenziselwa imithi, ezolimo kanye nezimboni ezikhethekile, njll.
I-7.Ingahlanganiswa ibe yi-ethylene glycol, okungenye ye-petrochemical intermediate raw materials futhi ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-polyester ne-antifreeze.
8.Ingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni umgqugquzeli wokukhula, okuyinzuzo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zasendaweni eyomile.
9.Futhi kungenziwa kuhlanganiswe iphrotheni ye-methanol, i-methanol njengento eluhlaza ekhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kwe-microbial kweprotheni ye-methanol yaziwa njengesizukulwane sesibili samaprotheni eseli elilodwa, co.mpaibomvu enamaprotheni emvelo, inani lokudla okunomsoco liphakeme, amaprotheni angcolile aphakeme kakhulu kunalawo enyama yenhlanzi nobhontshisi wesoya, futhi anothile ngama-amino acid, amaminerali namavithamini, angasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokudla kwenhlanzi, ubhontshisi wesoya, ukudla kwamathambo. , inyama kanye nobisi oluyimpushana.
I-10.I-Methanol isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza kanye ne-degreasing.
I-11.Isetshenziswa njenge-reagent yokuhlaziya, njengama-solvents, ama-methylation reagents, ama-chromatographic reagent. Ibuye isetshenziswe ku-organic synthesis.
12.Ngokujwayelekile i-methanol iyincibilikisi engcono kune-ethanol, ingancibilikisa usawoti omningi we-inorganic. Ingabuye ihlanganiswe ibe nguphethiloli njengenye indlela yokubasa. I-Methanol isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli octane additive methyl tertiary butyl ether, methanol petrol, methanol fuel, methanol protein neminye imikhiqizo.
I-13.I-Methanol ayiyona nje into ebalulekile yamakhemikhali eluhlaza, kodwa futhi iwumthombo wamandla kanye nophethiloli wemoto esebenza kahle kakhulu. I-Methanol ihlangana ne-isobutylene ukuze ithole i-MTBE (i-methyl tertiary butyl ether), okuyisengezo sikaphethiloli esingenayo i-lead ene-octane ephezulu futhi engasetshenziswa njengesixazululi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza i-olefins ne-propylene.
14.I-Methanol ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-dimethyl ether. Uphethiloli omusha owuketshezi owenziwe nge-methanol ne-dimethyl ether owenziwe ngengxenye ethile ubizwa ngokuthi i-alcohol ether fuel. Ukusebenza kahle kwawo komlilo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushisa kuphakeme kunaleyo yegesi eliwuketshezi.
Amanothi Okugcina Umkhiqizo:
1.Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kanye nomthombo wokushisa.
3.Gcina isitsha sivaliwe.
4.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana namanzi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-benzene, i-ketone, futhi akufanele neze ixutshwe.
5.Vimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini namathuluzi okulula ukukhiqiza izinhlansi.
Indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele ifakwe izinto zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto zokukhosela ezifanele.
