I-silicon dioxide | 7631-86-9

Ikhemikhali i-Silicon Dioxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silica (kusuka kwelesiLatini i-silex), iyi-oxide ye-silicon enefomula yamakhemikhali i-SiO2. Iyaziwa ngobulukhuni bayo kusukela kudala. I-silica ivame ukutholakala emvelweni njengesihlabathi noma i-quartz, kanye nasezindongeni zeseli zama-diatoms.
I-silica ikhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningana ezihlanganisa i-quartz ehlanganisiwe, i-crystal, i-silica evuthayo (noma i-pyrogenic silica), i-colloidal silica, i-silica gel, ne-aerogel.
I-silica isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni ingilazi yamafasitela, izibuko zokuphuza, amabhodlela esiphuzo, nezinye izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo. Iningi lemicu ye-optical yezokuxhumana nayo yenziwe nge-silica. Iwumthombo oyinhloko wezitsha zobumba ezimhlophe ezifana nezitsha zobumba, i-stoneware, i-porcelain, kanye nosimende wasePortland wezimboni.
I-silica iyisengezo esivamile ekukhiqizeni ukudla, lapho isetshenziswa khona ngokuyinhloko njenge-ejenti yokugeleza ekudleni okuyimpushana, noma ukumunca amanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-hygroscopic. Iyingxenye eyinhloko yomhlaba we-diatomaceous enokusetshenziswa okuningi kusukela ekuhlungeni kuya ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Kuphinde kube ingxenye eyinhloko ye-rice husk ash esetshenziswa, isibonelo, ekuhlungeni nasekukhiqizeni usimende.
Amafilimu azacile e-silica akhuliswe kuma-wafers e-silicon esebenzisa izindlela ze-oxidation ezishisayo angaba usizo kakhulu ku-microelectronics, lapho esebenza njengezivikeli zikagesi ezinokuqina okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali. Ezinhlelweni zikagesi, ingavikela i-silicon, ishaje yesitolo, ivimbe okwamanje, futhi isebenze njengendlela elawulwayo yokukhawulela ukugeleza kwamanje.
I-airgel esekwe ku-silica yasetshenziswa emkhathini we-Stardust ukuqoqa izinhlayiya zangaphandle. I-silica iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhishweni kwe-DNA ne-RNA ngenxa yekhono layo lokubopha kuma-nucleic acids ngaphansi kokuba khona kwe-chaotropes. Njenge-silica ye-hydrophobic isetshenziswa njengengxenye ye-defoamer. Ngefomu le-hydrated, isetshenziswa ku-toothpaste njenge-abrasive eqinile ukususa i-tooth plaque.
Ngomthamo wayo njenge-refractory, iwusizo kufomu le-fiber njengendwangu yokuvikela ukushisa okuphezulu. Ku-cosmetics, kuyasiza ekuhlukaniseni ukukhanya kanye ne-absorbency yemvelo. I-Colloidal silica isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucwilisa iwayini nejusi. Emikhiqizweni yezemithi, i-silica isiza ukugeleza kwempushana lapho amaphilisi akheka. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengenhlanganisela yokuthuthukisa ukushisa embonini yepompo yokushisa yomthombo ophansi.